冷再生鋪路技術能夠降低材料成本，節省時間，并減少施工現場的排放。

　　Cold recycling paving technology can reduce material costs, save time, and reduce emissions at construction sites.

　　當道路開始開始出現問題時，道路所有者建議做出決定：是進行修補還是重新建設道路？這些決定通常由預算決定，從長遠來看，并不總是對出行公眾和納稅人來說是非常好的，而且如今政府的普遍預算都已捉襟見肘。就地冷再生（CIR）是一種既具有經濟效益又經久耐用的重新鋪路方法。通過利用地面上已有的大量破損路面材料，這種鋪路技術可以降低材料成本、節省時間，并減少了施工現場的排放。利用城市采石場可以減少需要開采和處理的原始骨料的數量，對道路所有者、納稅人、承包商客戶和環境來說是一項實現共贏的施工技術方案。

　　When problems begin to arise on the road, the road owner must make a decision: whether to repair or rebuild the road? These decisions are usually determined by the budget, and in the long run, they are not always the best for the traveling public and taxpayers, and now the government's general budget is already stretched thin. In situ cold recycling (CIR) is a cost-effective and durable method for re paving roads. By utilizing the existing large amount of damaged pavement materials on the ground, this paving technology can reduce material costs, save time, and reduce emissions at construction sites. Utilizing urban quarries can reduce the amount of raw aggregates that need to be mined and processed, which is a win-win construction technology solution for road owners, taxpayers, contractor customers, and the environment.

　　北美許多道路承載的交通量優于出了它們的設計承載能力，銑削和填充路面表層幾英寸以覆蓋更深的裂縫和疲勞路面并不能解決導致這些道路持續損壞的根本問題。事實證明，就地冷再生可以打造出耐磨損的道路基礎設施，可以結束只能掩蓋更深層次的基礎問題的持續維修循環。使用就地冷再生技術在環境敏感和偏遠地區（如優勝美地國家公園）完成道路修復項目，可以減少運輸材料所需的車輛交通量及其相關的成本和排放。

　　Many roads in North America carry traffic far beyond their designed carrying capacity, and milling and filling the surface of the road a few inches to cover deeper cracks and fatigue cannot solve the fundamental problem that causes sustained damage to these roads. It has been proven that on-site cold recycling can create wear-resistant road infrastructure and end the continuous maintenance cycle that can only mask deeper fundamental issues. Using on-site cold recycling technology to complete road repair projects in environmentally sensitive and remote areas, such as Yosemite National Park, can reduce the amount of vehicle traffic required for transporting materials and its associated costs and emissions.

　　01冷再生的工作原理

　　Working principle of 01 cold regeneration

　　筆者與維特根北美副總裁Mark Stahl進行了訪談，探討了道路所有者和承包商客戶選擇冷再生作為道路修復方法所帶來的令人難以置信的機遇。據Stahl稱，冷再生雖然并非新技術，但因其可持續性、成本和效率優勢而在北美重新受到關注。冷回收非常早于20世紀70年代推出，指在環境溫度下對路面進行再生，用于道路翻新和重鋪項目。施工人員將瀝青道路銑削縮小到原始骨料大小，然后添加粘合劑。重新鋪設瀝青路面后，在其上面鋪設磨耗層；在高車流路面上，磨耗層可以是另一層瀝青，在低流量道路上，可以是泥漿封層或碎石封層。根據道路狀況，冷再生可以采用部分深度置換或全深度再生（FDR）的方式進行。有多種冷再生方法，包括就地冷再生，即在施工現場的攤鋪機內處理RAP，以及場外冷再生（CCPR），即在場外處理儲存的RAP。與場外冷再生相比，現場冷再生效率更高、成本更低、排放會更少，因為所有材料都在工作現場提取并重復利用。冷再生的目標是打造永久性路面，“瀝青路面聯盟”將其描述為“一種高強度的柔性路面，可以長期（至少50年）抵抗結構疲勞損傷，從而實現長壽命。因為沒有自下而上的路面損傷，結構完整性可以無限期地保持不變。這些長效瀝青結構可以通過僅保留和更新表層來實現經濟地維護，無需進行大規模的修復或重建。”現場冷再生已在加拿大不列顛哥倫比亞省、阿爾伯塔省和安大略省等地的施工現場取得成功。Stahl說，在美國，有一些熱點地區——當地的冷再生倡導者提高客戶對這種施工工藝優勢的認知——包括加利福尼亞州、中西部和東部各州。維特根 WR 240 X 冷再生機和土壤穩定機

　　The author conducted an interview with Mark Stahl, Vice President of Wirtgen North America, to explore the incredible opportunities brought by road owners and contractor clients choosing cold regeneration as a road repair method. According to Stahl, although cold regeneration is not a new technology, it has regained attention in North America due to its sustainability, cost, and efficiency advantages. Cold recycling was first introduced in the 1970s, referring to the regeneration of road surfaces at ambient temperatures for use in road renovation and resurfacing projects. The construction personnel will mill the asphalt road to the original aggregate size and then add adhesive. After re laying the asphalt pavement, lay a wearing layer on top of it; On high traffic roads, the wear layer can be another layer of asphalt, while on low traffic roads, it can be a slurry seal or gravel seal. According to the road conditions, cold regeneration can be carried out through partial depth replacement or full depth regeneration (FDR). There are various cold recycling methods, including on-site cold recycling, which involves processing RAP in the paving machine at the construction site, and off-site cold recycling (CCPR), which involves processing stored RAP outside the site. Compared with off-site cold recycling, on-site cold recycling has higher efficiency, lower cost, and fewer emissions because all materials are extracted and reused at the work site. The goal of cold recycling is to create permanent pavements, described by the Asphalt Pavement Alliance as "a high-strength flexible pavement that can resist structural fatigue damage for a long time (at least 50 years), thereby achieving a long lifespan. Because there is no bottom-up pavement damage, structural integrity can be maintained indefinitely. These long-lasting asphalt structures can be economically maintained by retaining and updating only the surface layer, without the need for large-scale repair or reconstruction." On site cold recycling has been successful at construction sites in British Columbia, Alberta, Ontario, and other parts of Canada. Stahl said that in the United States, there are some hot spots - local cold recycling advocates raising customers' awareness of the advantages of this construction process - including California, the Midwest, and Eastern states. Wirtgen WR 240 X Cold Regenerator and Soil Stabilizer

　　02就地冷再生攤鋪工藝

　　02 On site cold recycling paving process

　　雖然生產冷再生材料有幾種不同的方法，但其攤鋪工藝與典型的銑刨回填工藝相似。在傳統的銑刨回填工藝中，攤鋪作業首先由銑刨機將銑刨好的材料送入卡車。廢料被運走，工作人員跟隨銑刨機清理剩余的灰塵和碎屑。然后，攤鋪人員跟進鋪設新的瀝青。在施工現場、瀝青攪拌站和垃圾填埋場或再生瀝青（RAP）料堆之間來回運輸材料可能需要數百卡車。

　　Although there are several different methods for producing cold recycled materials, their paving process is similar to typical milling and backfilling processes. In the traditional milling and backfilling process, the paving operation first involves the milling machine feeding the milled material into the truck. The waste was transported away, and the staff followed the milling machine to clean up the remaining dust and debris. Then, the paving personnel follow up to lay new asphalt. Transporting materials back and forth between construction sites, asphalt mixing plants, and landfills or recycled asphalt (RAP) piles may require hundreds of trucks.

　　采用就地冷再生工藝時，幾乎所有材料都留在施工現場。再生機將瀝青粉碎，然后將粘合劑注入材料中，材料隨后被輸送到攤鋪機。攤鋪機緊跟在再生機后面運行，將材料鋪回原位，兩到三個壓路機跟在后面進行壓實。再生材料壓實后，傳統的攤鋪機便會鋪設一層磨耗層——厚度為一英寸半到兩英寸的熱拌瀝青路面。

　　When using on-site cold recycling technology, almost all materials are left at the construction site. The recycling machine crushes the asphalt and then injects the binder into the material, which is then transported to the paver. The paver runs closely behind the rejuvenator, laying the material back in place, and two to three rollers follow behind to compact it. After compacting the recycled materials, traditional pavers will lay a layer of wear layer - a hot mix asphalt pavement with a thickness of one and a half inches to two inches.

　　泡沫瀝青這種粘合劑是將再生瀝青 (RAP) 材料打造成柔韌耐用基層的秘訣。它由加熱至 175 攝氏度的普通瀝青制成，并在高壓下注入少量水和空氣，使其發泡膨脹。泡沫瀝青被注入冷再生機內的再生瀝青 (RAP) 中，非常終產品被稱為瀝青穩定材料 (BSM)。

　　Foam asphalt is the secret of making recycled asphalt (RAP) material into flexible and durable base course. It is made of ordinary asphalt heated to 175 degrees Celsius and injected with a small amount of water and air under high pressure to make it foam and expand. The foam asphalt is injected into the recycled asphalt (RAP) in the cold recycling machine, and the final product is called asphalt stabilized material (BSM).

　　這一工藝效率顯著提高，并節省了與傳統鋪路過程相關的運輸和材料成本。Stahl的熱情顯而易見：“當我們進行再生時，好處是于幾乎所有材料，95%的材料，大多能夠保持原位。”

　　This process significantly improves efficiency and saves transportation and material costs associated with traditional paving processes. Stahl's enthusiasm is evident: "When we carry out regeneration, the benefit is that almost all materials, 95% of them, can remain in place

　　Wirtgen提供CR系列和WR系列冷回收機。CR系列機器需要傳統的鋪路機，而WR系列冷回收機和土壤穩定機則不需要。根據斯塔爾的說法，對于將骨料回收到瀝青中的8至12英寸深度的典型全深度再生（FDR）應用，其中骨料被回收用于瀝青，設備組將使用一臺橡膠輪胎WR系列機，以及一臺羊腳壓路機和一臺平地機，然后再加兩臺壓實機。羊腳壓實機是實現該深度厚度的適當壓實所必需的。

　　Wirtgen offers CR series and WR series cold recycling machines. The CR series machines require traditional paving machines, while the WR series cold recycling machines and soil stabilizers do not. According to Starr, for typical full depth recycling (FDR) applications that recycle aggregate into asphalt at depths of 8 to 12 inches, where the aggregate is recycled for asphalt, the equipment team will use a rubber tire WR series machine, as well as a sheep foot roller and a grader, followed by two compactors. The sheep foot compactor is necessary to achieve appropriate compaction at this depth and thickness.

　　CR機器非常適合三到五英寸的部分深度更換。需要更少的整體壓實，可以通過在鋪路機上安裝標準振動熨平板來實現，然后使用壓路機即可完成。在這種情況下，無需使用羊腳壓路機或平地機。

　　CR machines are very suitable for partial depth replacement of three to five inches. Less overall compaction is required, which can be achieved by installing a standard vibrating screed on the paving machine and then using the roller to complete it. In this case, there is no need to use a sheep foot roller or grader.

　　當與高密度熨平板配對時，CR機器可用于FDR，但這并不常見。Stahl將這種應用稱為“攤鋪機鋪設FDR”。就地冷再生可在城市和鄉村環境中進行，并減少道路封閉時間，為出行公眾提供更多便利，也為路面施工人員提供更多安全保障 ?

　　When paired with high-density ironing boards, CR machines can be used for FDR, but this is not common. Stahl refers to this application as "paver laying FDR". On site cold recycling can be carried out in urban and rural environments, reducing road closure time, providing more convenience for the traveling public, and also providing more safety guarantees for road construction personnel?

　　03就地冷再生的優勢

　　03 Advantages of on-site cold regeneration

　　一個施工過程很少能為所有相關利益相關者帶來如此多的利益。重復使用現場已有材料是非常大的成本、時間和排放的節約機會，并具有額外的溢出效應，包括提高安全性和減少浪費。Stahl預測，北美明顯一個冷再生項目的總成本都將節省40%到60%，主要是由于減少了通常需要大量卡車來往施工現場之間運輸材料。Stahl估計，與標準的拆除和更換項目相比，采用就地冷再生可減少卡車運輸排放量 90%，施工現場二氧化碳總排放量減少約 70%。減少往返于施工現場的卡車數量，對出行公眾和地面施工人員都有安全保障。減少整體交通量，減少需要在可能擁擠的施工現場的大型車輛，從而降低了事故風險。更快的工期也減少了工人暴露于流動交通帶來的安全風險的時間。

　　A construction process rarely brings so many benefits to all relevant stakeholders. Reusing existing materials on site is the biggest cost, time, and emission saving opportunity, with additional spill over effects including improved safety and reduced waste. Stahl predicts that the total cost of any cold recycling project in North America will be saved by 40% to 60%, mainly due to the reduction of the need for a large number of trucks to transport materials between construction sites. Stahl estimates that compared to standard demolition and replacement projects, adopting on-site cold recycling can reduce truck transportation emissions by 90% and total carbon dioxide emissions at construction sites by about 70%. Reduce the number of trucks traveling back and forth to the construction site, ensuring safety for both the traveling public and ground construction personnel. Reducing overall traffic volume and minimizing the need for large vehicles at potentially crowded construction sites has lowered the risk of accidents. Faster construction schedules also reduce the time workers are exposed to safety risks caused by mobile traffic.

　　更短的道路封閉時間也為公眾帶來了更多便利。冷再生項目無需完工即可讓車輛立即通行，從而縮短了車道封閉時間，因為道路可以在每次施工班次結束時重新開放。

　　Shorter road closures have also brought more convenience to the public. The cold recycling project allows vehicles to pass immediately without completion, thereby reducing lane closure time as the road can reopen at the end of each construction shift.

　　所有這些優勢都很誘人，但冷再生可行性的非常終考驗在于其使用壽命，以及這種更經濟、更出色、減排的解決方案是否也能提供旅行公眾和道路所有者所需的東西——一條持久可靠的道路。

　　All these advantages are tempting, but the ultimate test of the feasibility of cold regeneration lies in its service life and whether this more economical, efficient, and emission reducing solution can also provide what the traveling public and road owners need - a durable and reliable road.

　　04經研究和測試驗證的冷再生道路使用壽命

　　04 Service life of cold recycling roads verified through research and testing

　　冷再生的真正價值在于道路的使用壽命。熱拌合瀝青和混凝土是粘合材料，在持續應力下不會提供很大的柔韌性。冷再生材料是非連續粘合材料，可以防止開裂。它具有很大的柔韌性，使裂縫難以在持續使用中擴展。

　　The true value of cold recycling lies in the service life of roads. Hot mix asphalt and concrete are bonding materials that do not provide significant flexibility under sustained stress. Cold recycled materials are non continuous bonding materials that can prevent cracking. It has great flexibility, making it difficult for cracks to propagate during continuous use.

　　學術界對冷再生的可行性進行了深入研究，其中包括致力于改進此類道路設計、施工和維護的研究。研究人員研究來自施工現場和已投入使用道路的樣本，以分析其性能并測試材料的使用壽命。

　　The academic community has conducted in-depth research on the feasibility of cold recycling, including studies dedicated to improving the design, construction, and maintenance of such roads. Researchers study samples from construction sites and roads that have been put into use to analyze their performance and test the service life of materials.

　　他們也在研究實驗室進行自己的實驗。美國幾家機構都在研究永久性路面，包括位于阿拉巴馬州奧本大學的國家瀝青技術中心 (NCAT) 路面試驗跑道。在測試跑道上，研究人員比較不同的鋪設路段，以確定不同重新鋪設方法的壽命。多家研究機構開展的加速路面測試包括在測試路段上持續運行高流量模擬交通，在數月的時間內快速加載測試跑道上數年甚至數十年的典型交通量。研究人員研究跑道樣本，以了解道路的老化速度、老化方式以及預期的使用壽命。

　　They are also conducting their own experiments in the research laboratory. Several institutions in the United States are researching permanent pavement, including the National Asphalt Technology Center (NCAT) pavement test track located at Auburn University in Alabama. On the test track, researchers compared different paving sections to determine the lifespan of different re paving methods. The accelerated road testing conducted by multiple research institutions includes continuously running high flow simulated traffic on the test section, rapidly loading typical traffic volumes on the test track for years or even decades over several months. Researchers study runway samples to understand the aging speed, aging mode, and expected service life of roads.

　　據奧本大學助理教授Ben Bowers介紹，NCAT研究人員在測試跑到上裝載了一段FDR路面，流量為九年的交通量。FDR 路面保持良好，沒有明顯變化的跡象，可以被視為永久性路面，只需定期進行加鋪。多家研究機構已證實了這種超長使用壽命。加州大學戴維斯分校人行道研究中心副主任David Jones說：“我們的研究測試、知識、路面建模、對材料性能的理解意味著我們可以自信地預測路面的使用壽命可達 80 年。”

　　According to Ben Bowers, assistant professor at Auburn University, NCAT researchers loaded a section of FDR road surface with a traffic volume of nine years on the test run. The FDR road surface remains in good condition with no signs of change and can be considered a permanent road surface, requiring only regular paving. Multiple research institutions have confirmed this ultra long service life. Our research testing, knowledge, pavement modeling, and understanding of material properties mean that we can confidently predict the service life of road surfaces up to 80 years, "said David Jones, Deputy Director of the Pedestrian Research Center at the University of California, Davis

　　為了讓道路所有者對其冷再生項目的路面壽命更加有信心，維特根制造了一個實驗室規模的泡沫瀝青攪拌站和一臺實驗室規模的雙臥軸強制式攪拌機，可以在實驗室中模擬冷再生，在施工項目開始前生產測試樣品，以確保非常終結果符合預期。

　　In order to make road owners more confident about the pavement life of their cold recycling projects, Wittgen has built a laboratory scale foam asphalt mixing plant and a laboratory scale double horizontal shaft forced mixer, which can simulate cold recycling in the laboratory and produce test samples before the start of the construction project to ensure that the final results meet expectations.

　　05Caltrans在冷再生方面擁有超過25年的經驗

　　05Caltrans has over 25 years of experience in cold regeneration

　　降低成本和延長使用壽命對納稅人來說出色具吸引力，二十多年來，加州交通部 (Caltrans) 一直使用冷再生技術來翻新全州的道路，其中包括圣何塞周邊數百英里的公路。

　　Reducing costs and extending service life are highly attractive to taxpayers, and for over 20 years, the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) has been using cold recycling technology to renovate roads throughout the state, including hundreds of miles of roads around San Jose.

　　加州交通部路面工程師 Thomas Pyle 表示，冷再生非常初是為了加快建設速度并節省低流量公路的成本，但現在Caltrans已采用就地冷再生技術來減少溫室氣體排放并提高可持續性。

　　According to Thomas Pyle, a pavement engineer at the California Department of Transportation, cold recycling was initially designed to speed up construction and save costs on low flow highways, but now Caltrans has adopted on-site cold recycling technology to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve sustainability.

　　此外，據路面設計工程師介紹，對于FDR加瀝青加鋪面，就地冷再生每英里車道的成本約為 25 萬至 30 萬美元，而重建道路每英里的成本則超過 50 萬美元，而重建道路本質上只是鋪設一層厚厚的加鋪面，并不能解決道路損壞的根本原因。

　　In addition, according to pavement design engineers, the cost of on-site cold recycling for FDR asphalt pavement is approximately $250000 to $300000 per mile of lane, while the cost of rebuilding the road exceeds $500000 per mile. Essentially, rebuilding the road is just laying a thick layer of pavement and cannot solve the root cause of road damage.

　　06長期解決方案使所有利益相關者受益

　　06 Long term solutions benefit all stakeholders

　　就地冷再生技術為從城市采石場中挖掘可重復利用的材料，用于建設更具韌性的基礎設施提供了絕佳的機會。然而，采用該技術需要長遠的思考，并樂于嘗試新方法。就地冷再生技術經久耐用，值得承包商和道路所有者關注，并認為它能夠節省成本、減少排放、提高安全性，并打造出經久耐用、惠及子孫后代的道路。

　　The in-situ cold recycling technology provides an excellent opportunity to excavate reusable materials from urban quarries for the construction of more resilient infrastructure. However, adopting this technology requires long-term thinking and a willingness to try new methods. The on-site cold recycling technology is durable and worthy of the attention of contractors and road owners, who believe that it can save costs, reduce emissions, improve safety, and create roads that are durable and beneficial to future generations.

　　“我們可能會糾結于流程細節和效益，但非常終，我們擁有的是經過數十年驗證的成熟工藝，”Stahl說道。“路面再生的成功表明，它實際上并不存在風險，只是一種不同的做法。”

　　We may struggle with process details and benefits, but ultimately, what we have is a mature process that has been validated for decades, "Stahl said. The success of road regeneration indicates that there is actually no risk involved, it is just a different approach

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